Contents

Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Organisation of the organism

Cells under the microscope

Movement into and out of cells

Biological molecules

Food tests

Enzymes

Enzymes

Plant nutrition

Human nutrition

Transport in plants

Transport in animals

Diseases and immunity

Pathogens and disease spreadBeing prepared
Immunity and vaccinationBeing prepared

Gas exchange in humans

Gas exchange and breathing

Respiration

Respiration

Excretion in humans

Excretion and the kidneys

Coordination and response

Drugs

Antibiotics

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproductionBeing prepared
Flowers and pollinationBeing prepared
Fertilisation and germinationBeing prepared
Human reproductionBeing prepared
Puberty and the menstrual cycleBeing prepared
Sexually transmitted infectionsBeing prepared

Inheritance

Chromosomes, genes and allelesBeing prepared
From gene to proteinBeing prepared
Mitosis and meiosisBeing prepared
Monohybrid crossesBeing prepared
Family trees, blood groups and sex linkageBeing prepared

Variation and selection

Variation and mutationBeing prepared
Adaptation and selectionBeing prepared

Organisms and their environment

Food chains and websBeing prepared
Ecological pyramids and energyBeing prepared
Energy flow and nutrient cyclesBeing prepared
PopulationsBeing prepared

Human influences on ecosystems

Food supply and habitat lossBeing prepared
PollutionBeing prepared
ConservationBeing prepared

Biotechnology and genetic modification

BiotechnologyBeing prepared
Genetic modificationBeing prepared

Return after a break

Page 05

What can you recall?

predict

Recall and explain

Suppose a medicine stopped adrenaline from acting on the heart, but left the nerves to the heart working. Predict the heart-rate trace of a person who takes it and then has a sudden fright.

predict: use the information to say what you expect.

Choose one answera.A jump in the first second, then a slow rise to a peak, as usual.b.No change in the heart rate at any time after the fright.c.A jump in the first second, but no slower rise to a peak after it.d.No jump in the first second, but a slow rise to a peak after it.

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Scope and sources

Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 · 2026–2028 v3 · Original learning materials.

Hormones (14.3.1–14.3.6): a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs; the adrenal glands and adrenaline, the pancreas and insulin, the testes and testosterone and the ovaries and oestrogen, identified in diagrams and images; adrenaline in “fight or flight” situations and its effects on the breathing rate, the heart rate and the pupil diameter; nervous and hormonal control compared by speed of action and duration of effect; and, for the Supplement, glucagon from the pancreas and the role of adrenaline in metabolic activity (a higher blood glucose concentration and heart rate). What insulin and glucagon do to the blood glucose concentration is in the module on homeostasis; nerves, neurones and the reflex arc are in the module on nerves and reflexes, and the pupil reflex in the module on the eye. Other hormones and glands, and the menstrual cycle, are not covered here.

Apparatus, amounts and times in the experiment are illustrative. Real practical work follows a teacher-approved safety method.

Official Cambridge syllabus