Contents
Independent final check
Explain without the key
compare
Final check
A grain of dust hits a girl's eye and she blinks. Later, while she watches a scary film, she feels her heart racing until the end of the scene. Compare the two responses by their speed of action and their duration of effect.
compare: say what is the same and what is different.
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Scope and sources
Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 · 2026–2028 v3 · Original learning materials.
Hormones (14.3.1–14.3.6): a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs; the adrenal glands and adrenaline, the pancreas and insulin, the testes and testosterone and the ovaries and oestrogen, identified in diagrams and images; adrenaline in “fight or flight” situations and its effects on the breathing rate, the heart rate and the pupil diameter; nervous and hormonal control compared by speed of action and duration of effect; and, for the Supplement, glucagon from the pancreas and the role of adrenaline in metabolic activity (a higher blood glucose concentration and heart rate). What insulin and glucagon do to the blood glucose concentration is in the module on homeostasis; nerves, neurones and the reflex arc are in the module on nerves and reflexes, and the pupil reflex in the module on the eye. Other hormones and glands, and the menstrual cycle, are not covered here.
Apparatus, amounts and times in the experiment are illustrative. Real practical work follows a teacher-approved safety method.
Official Cambridge syllabus