Contents

Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Organisation of the organism

Cells under the microscope

Movement into and out of cells

Biological molecules

Food tests

Enzymes

Enzymes

Plant nutrition

Human nutrition

Transport in plants

Transport in animals

Diseases and immunity

Pathogens and disease spreadBeing prepared
Immunity and vaccinationBeing prepared

Gas exchange in humans

Gas exchange and breathing

Respiration

Respiration

Excretion in humans

Excretion and the kidneys

Coordination and response

Drugs

Antibiotics

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproductionBeing prepared
Flowers and pollinationBeing prepared
Fertilisation and germinationBeing prepared
Human reproductionBeing prepared
Puberty and the menstrual cycleBeing prepared
Sexually transmitted infectionsBeing prepared

Inheritance

Chromosomes, genes and allelesBeing prepared
From gene to proteinBeing prepared
Mitosis and meiosisBeing prepared
Monohybrid crossesBeing prepared
Family trees, blood groups and sex linkageBeing prepared

Variation and selection

Variation and mutationBeing prepared
Adaptation and selectionBeing prepared

Organisms and their environment

Food chains and websBeing prepared
Ecological pyramids and energyBeing prepared
Energy flow and nutrient cyclesBeing prepared
PopulationsBeing prepared

Human influences on ecosystems

Food supply and habitat lossBeing prepared
PollutionBeing prepared
ConservationBeing prepared

Biotechnology and genetic modification

BiotechnologyBeing prepared
Genetic modificationBeing prepared

Independent final check

Page 04

Explain without the key

state / give

Final check

(a) State the four components of blood. (b) The drawing shows part of a stained blood smear, as you would see it in a photomicrograph. Give the letter of a red blood cell and the letter of a white blood cell, and one feature of each that you used.

state: give a concise answer. give: produce an answer from the information or from memory.

A drawing of part of a stained blood smear as seen at ×400, with a 10 µm scale bar. Most of the field is filled with pink discs about 7.5 µm across, each paler in the middle and with no nucleus; a few tiny purple specks lie between them. Four parts are lettered. E: a cell about 11 µm across with grainy lilac cytoplasm and a purple nucleus in four rounded lobes joined together. F: one of the pink discs. N: one of the tiny purple specks, about 2.5 µm across. W: a cell about 9 µm across, almost filled by one large round purple nucleus, with a thin pale rim.

Build your answer

(a) The four components

(b) Red cell: letter and feature; white cell: letter and feature

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Scope and sources

Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 · 2026–2028 v3 · Original learning materials.

Blood (9.4.1–9.4.7): the components of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma), red and white blood cells in photomicrographs and diagrams, the functions of red cells (oxygen and haemoglobin), white cells (phagocytosis and antibody production), platelets (clotting) and plasma (what it carries), and the roles of clotting; for the Supplement, lymphocytes and phagocytes told apart and their functions, and clotting as fibrinogen turned into a mesh of fibrin. The vessels are in “Blood vessels”, the heart in “The heart and double circulation” and antibodies and immunity in “Immunity and vaccination”; blood groups are not covered.

Apparatus, amounts and times in the experiment are illustrative. Real practical work follows a teacher-approved safety method.

Official Cambridge syllabus