Contents

Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Organisation of the organism

Cells under the microscope

Movement into and out of cells

Biological molecules

Food tests

Enzymes

Enzymes

Plant nutrition

Human nutrition

Transport in plants

Transport in animals

Diseases and immunity

Pathogens and disease spreadBeing prepared
Immunity and vaccinationBeing prepared

Gas exchange in humans

Gas exchange and breathing

Respiration

Respiration

Excretion in humans

Excretion and the kidneys

Coordination and response

Drugs

Antibiotics

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproductionBeing prepared
Flowers and pollinationBeing prepared
Fertilisation and germinationBeing prepared
Human reproductionBeing prepared
Puberty and the menstrual cycleBeing prepared
Sexually transmitted infectionsBeing prepared

Inheritance

Chromosomes, genes and allelesBeing prepared
From gene to proteinBeing prepared
Mitosis and meiosisBeing prepared
Monohybrid crossesBeing prepared
Family trees, blood groups and sex linkageBeing prepared

Variation and selection

Variation and mutationBeing prepared
Adaptation and selectionBeing prepared

Organisms and their environment

Food chains and websBeing prepared
Ecological pyramids and energyBeing prepared
Energy flow and nutrient cyclesBeing prepared
PopulationsBeing prepared

Human influences on ecosystems

Food supply and habitat lossBeing prepared
PollutionBeing prepared
ConservationBeing prepared

Biotechnology and genetic modification

BiotechnologyBeing prepared
Genetic modificationBeing prepared

Part 1 of 2

Page 01

Antibiotics against bacteria

describe

Try it yourself

Which statement describes a drug?

describe: give the features or what happens.

Choose one answera.Any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body.b.Any substance that kills microorganisms, whether inside the body or on a surface outside it.c.Any illegal substance that people can become addicted to if they take it often.d.Any medicine that a doctor prescribes to a patient to treat an illness they have.

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Scope and sources

Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 · 2026–2028 v3 · Original learning materials.

Drugs (15.1.1–15.1.5): a drug as any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body; antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections; some bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, which reduces their effectiveness; antibiotics not affecting viruses; and, for the Supplement, how using antibiotics only when essential limits the development of resistant bacteria such as MRSA. How bacteria cause disease and how the body defends itself are left to the disease and immunity modules.

Apparatus, amounts and times in the experiment are illustrative. Real practical work follows a teacher-approved safety method.

Official Cambridge syllabus