Contents

Motion, forces and energy

Thermal physics

Waves

Electricity and magnetism

Magnets and magnetic fields
Static electricity and electric fieldsBeing prepared
Current and circuit diagramsBeing prepared
Voltage and resistanceBeing prepared
Series and parallel circuitsBeing prepared
Sensors and potential dividersBeing prepared
Electricity at homeBeing prepared
ElectromagnetsBeing prepared
The motor effectBeing prepared
Generators and inductionBeing prepared
Transformers and the gridBeing prepared

Nuclear physics

Inside the nucleusBeing prepared
Ionising radiation and safetyBeing prepared
Radioactive decay and half-lifeBeing prepared

Space physics

Earth, Sun and MoonBeing prepared
The Solar System and orbitsBeing prepared
Stars and their life cycleBeing prepared
The expanding UniverseBeing prepared

Part 2 of 2

Page 02

Reflection, refraction and diffraction

identify

Try it yourself

For each situation, choose what is happening to the waves.

identify: name or select.

Match each item

Ripples on a pond reach a straight concrete edge at an angle and leave it at the same angle.

Over a sandbar, where the water is shallower, the wavefronts are closer together and point a new way.

Beyond a narrow opening between two rocks, the wavefronts are curved and reach the water on both sides.

Ripples reach a harbour wall head-on, and soon ripples are seen moving away from it across the harbour.

Behind the end of a long rock barrier, out of line with the waves arriving, the water bobs up and down.

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Scope and sources

Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 · 2026–2028 v2 · Original learning materials.

Waves transfer energy without transferring matter (3.1.1); wave motion on a spring and in a ripple tank (3.1.2); wavefront, wavelength, frequency, crest, trough, amplitude and wave speed (3.1.3); wave speed = frequency × wavelength (3.1.4); transverse and longitudinal waves, with examples (3.1.5, 3.1.6); reflection at a plane surface, refraction by a change of speed and diffraction through a narrow gap (3.1.7), shown in a ripple tank, with refraction by a change of depth and diffraction at a gap and an edge (3.1.8); Supplement: how the gap size and the wavelength affect diffraction at a gap (3.1.9) and at an edge (3.1.10). The law of reflection with angles is in Reflection in mirrors, Snell’s law in Refraction and total internal reflection, and the electromagnetic spectrum and sound have their own modules.

Apparatus, amounts and times in the experiment are illustrative. Real practical work follows a teacher-approved safety method.

Official Cambridge syllabus