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Analogue and digital signals

identify

Try it yourself

Supplement. The diagram shows three signals, A, B and C. Each graph shows the voltage of a signal against time. Match each signal to its description.

identify: name or select.

Three graphs of a signal against time, one above the other, labelled A, B and C. A is a smooth wavy line that rises and falls by different amounts. B is a row of eight square pulses that jump between just two levels, on and off. C is the same eight pulses as B, but with jagged wiggles of noise on them, and a dashed line across the graph at half height. (enlarge)
Match each item
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Scope and sources

Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 · 2026–2028 v2 · Original learning materials.

Communication with artificial satellites, mainly by microwaves: low-orbit satellites for some satellite phones, geostationary satellites for other satellite phones and for direct broadcast satellite television (3.3.5); Supplement: why mobile phones and wireless internet use microwaves, Bluetooth radio waves, and optical fibres visible light or infrared (3.3.7); digital and analogue signals (3.3.8); a sound sent as a digital or analogue signal (3.3.9); the benefits of digital signals, a higher rate of data and a greater range through accurate regeneration (3.3.10). The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and their other uses are in Light and the electromagnetic spectrum; total internal reflection in optical fibres is in Refraction; orbits and their periods are in the Space physics modules; how a signal is put onto a carrier wave and how a sound is sampled are not covered.

Apparatus, amounts and times in the experiment are illustrative. Real practical work follows a teacher-approved safety method.

Official Cambridge syllabus