Pupil sheet · The gut and physical digestion

The gut and physical digestion — final check

Name ______________________ Date ____________

Work alone, with the lesson closed. Answer every question; there are no hints.

1. describe

Grating a carrot in the kitchen breaks it up as chewing does. Describe physical digestion, and give one example of it inside the human body.

2. explain

Explain why food that has been chewed is digested faster by enzymes than food that is swallowed in large lumps.

3. calculate

A cube of cheese with sides of 4 cm is cut into 64 cubes with sides of 1 cm. Calculate (a) the surface area of the big cube and (b) the total surface area of the 64 cubes. Then say whether cutting is physical or chemical digestion, and why.

(a) Big cube: ______________ unit ________

(b) 64 small cubes together: ______________ unit ________

Physical or chemical digestion, and why

4. identify

The drawing shows one quarter of an adult jaw from above, from the middle of the jaw to the back. Each group of teeth is lettered P to S. Identify the type of tooth in each group.

One quarter of an adult jaw seen from above, from the middle of the jaw on the left to the back on the right, with each group of teeth lettered. A key says that a dot is a cusp and a line is a cutting edge. R: two narrow teeth with straight edges. P: one tooth with a single point. S: two rounder teeth with two cusps each. Q: three large, square teeth with four cusps each.

Write the number of the matching option.

Premolars
Molars
Incisors
Canine

P: ______
Q: ______
R: ______
S: ______

5. describe

A pupil says: "A tooth is a hard white stone stuck in the gum." Describe the structure of a human tooth to show what the pupil has missed: name the parts from the outside of the crown to the middle, say what the middle contains, and say how the tooth is held in the jaw.

6. describe

Describe how incisors and molars each help in the physical digestion of an apple.

7. identify

The drawing shows the digestive system again, with twelve parts lettered J to V (there is no O) in a new order. Give the letter of (a) the duodenum, (b) the rectum and (c) the anus, and the letter of the organ that (d) stores bile, (e) churns food and (f) absorbs water from undigested food.

Outline of a human body from the mouth to the hips, with the digestive system; twelve parts are lettered J to V. T: the opening at the top. M: two small glands beside it. R: the tube from the mouth down to the stomach. K: the large organ at the top of the abdomen, on the left of the drawing. V: the small green bag under it. N: the muscular bag on the right of the drawing. J: the long, flat organ below this bag. Q: the short tube that leaves the bag and curves round to the coils. U: the coiled tube in the middle of the abdomen. L: the wide tube that runs up, across and down around the coils. P: the last, short part of the wide tube, at the bottom. S: the opening at its end.

(a) Duodenum

(b) Rectum

(d) Stores bile

(e) Churns food

(f) Absorbs water

8. state

State the function of (a) the oesophagus, (b) the pancreas and (c) the rectum, and (d) name the process that happens at the anus.

(a) Oesophagus

(b) Pancreas

(d) Process at the anus

9. describe

A meal of bread and meat reaches the stomach in lumps about 1 cm across. Two hours later it leaves the stomach as a thick liquid. Describe what the stomach did to the meal in physical digestion, and why this helps chemical digestion.

10. outline

Supplement. A spoonful of olive oil is eaten with a salad. Outline what bile does to the oil in the duodenum, and how this helps the enzyme that digests it.