Pupil sheet · Blood

What each part does — questions

Name ______________________ Date ____________

Try every question before you use a nudge. Write in full sentences where you are asked to explain.

1. identify

A cyclist eats a banana, which is rich in potassium ions. Which row shows how the blood carries the potassium ions, most of the oxygen and the red blood cells to the muscles of the cyclist's legs?

Row	Potassium ions	Most of the oxygen	Red blood cells
A	dissolved in the plasma	combined with haemoglobin	carried along by the plasma
B	combined with haemoglobin	dissolved in the plasma	carried along by the plasma
C	dissolved in the plasma	combined with haemoglobin	dissolved in the plasma
D	dissolved in the plasma	dissolved in the plasma	carried along by the plasma

Circle one answer.

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Take one column at a time: is the thing in that column a whole cell, a gas or an ion?

2. state

Match each component of blood to its function. One answer is not used.

Write the number of the matching option.

help the blood to clot at a cut
carry the cells and dissolved substances
carry oxygen, using haemoglobin
carry oxygen dissolved in its water
engulf pathogens and make antibodies

red blood cells: ______
white blood cells: ______
platelets: ______
plasma: ______

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Start with the one you are surest of, then use what is left.

3. state

Follow one red blood cell on its way to a runner's leg. State the word that completes each sentence.

The red blood cell is packed with a red protein called … .

As the cell passes through the … , this protein combines with oxygen.

The compound that the protein forms with oxygen is called … .

In the leg muscle the oxygen is given up, and the muscle cells use it in … .

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Two blanks name a substance, one names an organ and one names a process in cells.

4. state

Supplement. Match each kind of white blood cell to its function. One answer is not used.

Write the number of the matching option.

forms a mesh of fibrin threads at a cut
takes pathogens inside itself and digests them
releases proteins that stick to pathogens

phagocyte: ______
lymphocyte: ______

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Think of what you saw each white cell do to the bacteria in the experiment.

5. identify

The table describes four cells, A to D, with the same volume. Which cell is best suited to take up oxygen quickly and carry a lot of it?

Row	Nucleus	Shape	What fills most of the cell
A	a large nucleus	a disc, thinner in the middle	haemoglobin
B	no nucleus	a thick ball	haemoglobin
C	no nucleus	a disc, thinner in the middle	haemoglobin
D	no nucleus	a disc, thinner in the middle	water and enzymes

Circle one answer.

Nudge (only if you are stuck): For each column, ask: does this let the cell hold more haemoglobin, or let oxygen in and out faster?

6. identify

The plasma carries substances from where they enter the blood to where they leave it. Match each journey to the substance that makes it. Two answers are not used.

Write the number of the matching option.

oxygen
adrenaline
urea
carbon dioxide
glucose
amino acids

from the liver, which breaks down its glycogen store, to the brain during a long run: ______
from a working leg muscle to the lungs: ______
from the adrenal glands to the heart, making it beat faster: ______
from the small intestine to a growing muscle, which builds it into proteins: ______

Nudge (only if you are stuck): For each journey, ask what is made or taken in at the start.

7. identify

Which of these are carried dissolved in the plasma? Choose all that apply.

Tick every correct statement.

dietary fibre
carbon dioxide
haemoglobin
calcium ions
urea
vitamin C

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Which of these could pass into the blood and dissolve in its water?

8. describe

Supplement. A person has an infected tooth. Put these events in their blood in order.

Write the number of each step in order.

Lymphocytes release antibodies against the bacteria.
A phagocyte flows round a clump and takes it inside.
Enzymes inside the phagocyte digest the bacteria.
Bacteria from the tooth get into the blood.
Antibodies stick to the bacteria and clump them together.

Step 1: ______
Step 2: ______
Step 3: ______
Step 4: ______
Step 5: ______

Nudge (only if you are stuck): For each event, ask what must already have happened for it to take place.

9. identify / suggest

Supplement. In a test, bacteria are mixed with plasma from a person who has had an infection by these bacteria. After a few minutes the bacteria have stuck together in clumps. Mixed with plasma from a person who has never had this infection, the same bacteria stay apart. (a) Identify the kind of white blood cell that made the substance that clumps the bacteria. (b) Suggest why plasma from the person who has never had this infection does not clump the bacteria.

(a) The kind of white blood cell

(b) Why the second plasma does not clump the bacteria

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Which white cells release a substance into the blood, and what is that substance?

10. suggest

People who live high in the mountains, where each breath holds less oxygen, have more red blood cells in each drop of blood than people living near the sea. Suggest how this helps them.

Nudge (only if you are stuck): What does each red cell carry, and what is in short supply?

11. suggest

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas in car exhaust and smoke. It combines with haemoglobin much more strongly than oxygen does, and lets go of it only very slowly. Suggest why breathing carbon monoxide is dangerous.

Nudge (only if you are stuck): If haemoglobin is holding carbon monoxide, what can it not hold?

12. suggest

Supplement. A person's lymphocytes do not work properly, but their phagocytes are normal. Suggest which defence against bacteria they still have, and which they have lost.

(a) Defence they still have

(b) Defence they have lost

Nudge (only if you are stuck): Which job belongs to which kind of white cell?