@layer legacy,foundations,components;@layer foundations{:root{--ui-font:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--ui-heading-font:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--ui-text-sm:.8125rem;--ui-text-md:.9375rem;--ui-text-lg:1.125rem;--ui-space-1:4px;--ui-space-2:8px;--ui-space-3:12px;--ui-space-4:16px;--ui-space-5:24px;--ui-space-6:32px;--ui-control-size:44px;--ui-control-radius:9px;--ui-panel-radius:16px;--ui-dialog-radius:20px;--ui-focus-width:3px;--ui-motion-fast:.14s;--ui-motion-enter:.22s;--ui-surface:#fffaf0;--ui-inset:#edf3f5;--ui-text:#263e4a;--ui-muted:#516675;--ui-line:#788e9b;--ui-accent:#276b91;--ui-tint:#e0eef6;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#b37a12;--ui-success:#216642;--ui-warning:#805015;--ui-danger:#a02c3a;--ui-shadow:0 8px 24px #18394b18;--ui-backdrop:#15263880}[data-ui-theme=cambridge]{--ui-accent-hover:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 78%,#fff);--ui-press-shadow:0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 30%,transparent);--ui-press-inset:inset 0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,#000 28%,transparent);--ui-font:"Inter",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--ui-heading-font:"Schola","TeX Gyre Schola","Century Schoolbook",Georgia,serif;--ui-surface:#ffffff;--ui-inset:#eef3f2;--ui-text:#1b2550;--ui-muted:#585e6b;--ui-line:#9aa4ad;--ui-accent:#1b2550;--ui-tint:#e8edf8;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#2c4bc4;--ui-success:#2e7d4f;--ui-warning:#8a5a00;--ui-danger:#c23434;--ui-control-radius:10px;--ui-panel-radius:14px;--ui-shadow:0 10px 24px #1b255018}[data-ui-theme=cambridge-biology]{--ui-accent-hover:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 78%,#fff);--ui-press-shadow:0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 30%,transparent);--ui-press-inset:inset 0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,#000 28%,transparent);--ui-font:"Inter",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--ui-heading-font:"Schola","TeX Gyre Schola","Century Schoolbook",Georgia,serif;--ui-surface:#ffffff;--ui-inset:#f0efe6;--ui-text:#1f3b2d;--ui-muted:#5d5f55;--ui-line:#9aa4ad;--ui-accent:#1f3b2d;--ui-tint:#edf3e0;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#7a4a26;--ui-success:#2e7d4f;--ui-warning:#8a5a00;--ui-danger:#c23434;--ui-control-radius:10px;--ui-panel-radius:14px;--ui-shadow:0 10px 24px #1f3b2d18}[data-ui-theme=cambridge-physics]{--ui-accent-hover:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 78%,#fff);--ui-press-shadow:0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 30%,transparent);--ui-press-inset:inset 0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,#000 28%,transparent);--ui-font:"Inter",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--ui-heading-font:"Schola","TeX Gyre Schola","Century Schoolbook",Georgia,serif;--ui-surface:#ffffff;--ui-inset:#eef1f5;--ui-text:#1f2933;--ui-muted:#56606b;--ui-line:#9aa4ad;--ui-accent:#1f2933;--ui-tint:#e8eef5;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#2b5c8a;--ui-success:#2e7d4f;--ui-warning:#8a5a00;--ui-danger:#c23434;--ui-control-radius:10px;--ui-panel-radius:14px;--ui-shadow:0 10px 24px #1f293318}@media screen{:is([data-ui-theme^=cambridge][data-paper=night],.cam-site[data-paper=night] .book-experiment[data-ui-theme^=cambridge]){color-scheme:dark;--ui-text:#e2e6f1;--ui-muted:#a9b1c4;--ui-line:#5a6484;--ui-on-accent:#121a33;--ui-success:#6cd49a;--ui-warning:#f0c46c;--ui-danger:#ff8f86;--ui-shadow:0 10px 24px #0000006b;--ui-press-shadow:0 2px 0 #00000080;--ui-press-inset:inset 0 2px 0 color-mix(in srgb,#000 22%,transparent)}:is([data-ui-theme=cambridge][data-paper=night],.cam-site[data-paper=night] .book-experiment[data-ui-theme=cambridge]){--ui-surface:#19223f;--ui-inset:#10172d;--ui-accent:#e2e6f1;--ui-tint:#27315a;--ui-focus:#97aaff}:is([data-ui-theme=cambridge-biology][data-paper=night],.cam-site[data-paper=night] .book-experiment[data-ui-theme=cambridge-biology]){--ui-surface:#17261f;--ui-inset:#0e1914;--ui-text:#e2ecdf;--ui-muted:#adb9a8;--ui-line:#5a6c5f;--ui-accent:#e2ecdf;--ui-tint:#24382d;--ui-on-accent:#111d17;--ui-focus:#e3b07f}:is([data-ui-theme=cambridge-physics][data-paper=night],.cam-site[data-paper=night] .book-experiment[data-ui-theme=cambridge-physics]){--ui-surface:#161e29;--ui-inset:#0d131a;--ui-text:#e3e9f0;--ui-muted:#a8b2be;--ui-line:#586576;--ui-accent:#e3e9f0;--ui-tint:#222e3d;--ui-on-accent:#10161e;--ui-focus:#8fc0f2}}[data-ui-theme=gallery]{--ui-surface:#fffaf1;--ui-inset:#edf3f8;--ui-text:#253e53;--ui-muted:#536b7c;--ui-line:#788fa0;--ui-accent:#276b91;--ui-tint:#e3effa;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#b47c16}[data-ui-theme=specimen]{--ui-surface:#fbf8f0;--ui-inset:#eee9df;--ui-text:#252823;--ui-muted:#606357;--ui-line:#858173;--ui-accent:#294ea5;--ui-tint:#e8edf7;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#294ea5}[data-ui-theme=garden]{--ui-surface:#fffef8;--ui-inset:#f0f2e8;--ui-text:#354232;--ui-muted:#5b6c50;--ui-line:#7a8c6b;--ui-accent:#405a3d;--ui-tint:#e6eddd;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#347880}[data-ui-theme=space],[data-ui-theme=botanical]{color-scheme:dark;--ui-surface:#203846;--ui-inset:#172b38;--ui-text:#f4e6c8;--ui-muted:#c0ccd0;--ui-line:#8199a4;--ui-accent:#f1cd8e;--ui-tint:#394b55;--ui-on-accent:#172b38;--ui-focus:#92d7f0;--ui-success:#a9dfbe;--ui-warning:#f1cd8e;--ui-danger:#ffa5af;--ui-shadow:0 8px 24px #06151d40}[data-ui-theme=botanical]{--ui-surface:#18372d;--ui-inset:#10281f;--ui-text:#e4eee6;--ui-line:#718b7c;--ui-accent:#c5dda3;--ui-on-accent:#18372d;--ui-tint:#2b4a3d}[data-ui-theme=ink]{--ui-surface:#fafaf8;--ui-inset:#f0f1ee;--ui-text:#252a30;--ui-muted:#505963;--ui-line:#7d858d;--ui-accent:#244ea5;--ui-tint:#e6edf9;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#244ea5;--ui-radius:9px;--ui-shadow:2px 3px 0 #28334018}[data-ui-theme=paper]{--ui-surface:#faf6ec;--ui-inset:#eee7d8;--ui-text:#302c27;--ui-muted:#625c52;--ui-line:#8c8070;--ui-accent:#294b91;--ui-tint:#e6eaf3;--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:#294b91;--ui-radius:5px;--ui-control-radius:5px;--ui-panel-radius:8px;--ui-shadow:2px 3px 0 #cabda5,4px 5px 0 #302c2714}[data-ui-theme]:not([data-ui-theme=space]):not([data-ui-theme=botanical]):not([data-paper=night]){color-scheme:light}@media(min-width:1000px){[data-learning-mode=presentation]{--ui-text-sm:.9375rem}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){:root,[data-ui-theme]{--ui-motion-fast:0ms;--ui-motion-enter:0ms}}[data-motion=reduce],[data-motion=reduce] [data-ui-theme]{--ui-motion-fast:0ms;--ui-motion-enter:0ms}}@layer components{@media screen{[data-notebook-panels=true][data-paper=night] .cam-experiment-scene{color-scheme:light;--ui-surface:var(--paper);--ui-inset:var(--paper);--ui-text:var(--ink);--ui-muted:var(--pencil);--ui-line:#9aa4ad;--ui-accent:var(--ink);--ui-on-accent:#fff;--ui-focus:var(--pen);--ui-tint:color-mix(in srgb,var(--mark) 8%,var(--paper));--ui-success:#2e7d4f;--ui-warning:#8a5a00;--ui-danger:#c23434}}}@layer components{.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene])[data-variant=text]{display:inline-block;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;padding:4px 1px;border:0;border-radius:3px;background:transparent;color:inherit;font:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-style:dotted;text-underline-offset:4px;box-shadow:none}.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene])[data-variant=text]:is([aria-pressed=true],.is-linked){color:var(--ui-text);background:var(--ui-tint);text-decoration-style:solid}@media(hover:hover){.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene])[data-variant=text]:hover{color:var(--ui-text);background:var(--ui-tint);text-decoration-style:solid}}}@layer foundations{.ui-workspace{min-width:0}.ui-lesson-frame .subject-nav a{color:var(--ui-muted)}.ui-lesson-frame .subject-nav a.active{color:var(--ui-on-accent);background:var(--ui-accent)}.ui-toolbar[data-density=compact]{gap:var(--ui-space-1)}.ui-toolbar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:var(--ui-space-2)}.ui-panel{padding:var(--ui-space-4);background:var(--ui-surface);color:var(--ui-text);border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-panel-radius)}.ui-panel[data-tone=inset]{background:var(--ui-inset)}.ui-panel[data-tone=floating]{box-shadow:var(--ui-shadow)}.ui-guidance{color:var(--ui-text);background:var(--ui-surface);border-left:3px solid var(--ui-accent);padding:var(--ui-space-3) var(--ui-space-4)}.ui-guidance-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--ui-space-3)}.ui-guidance-body{margin-top:var(--ui-space-2)}.ui-step-marker{color:var(--ui-accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}}@layer components{.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text]),.ui-select,.ui-input:not([type=checkbox]):not([type=radio]){min-height:var(--ui-control-size);min-width:var(--ui-control-size);border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-control-radius);background:var(--ui-surface);color:var(--ui-text);font-family:var(--ui-font);font-size:var(--ui-text-sm);font-weight:600;line-height:1.35;padding:var(--ui-space-2) var(--ui-space-3);cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;text-shadow:none;transition:background-color var(--ui-motion-fast),border-color var(--ui-motion-fast),box-shadow var(--ui-motion-fast)}@media(hover:hover){.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text]):hover:not(:disabled),.ui-select:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--ui-tint);border-color:var(--ui-accent)}}.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text]):is([aria-pressed=true],[aria-current]:not([aria-current=false]),[data-variant=primary]){background:var(--ui-accent);color:var(--ui-on-accent);border-color:var(--ui-accent)}.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text])[data-variant=primary]{box-shadow:var(--ui-press-shadow,none)}@media(hover:hover){.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text]):is([aria-pressed=true],[aria-current]:not([aria-current=false]),[data-variant=primary]):hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--ui-accent-hover,color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-accent) 80%,var(--ui-text)));color:var(--ui-on-accent)}}.ui-button[data-variant=primary]:active:not(:disabled){box-shadow:var(--ui-press-inset,none)}a.ui-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:var(--ui-space-2);max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;text-decoration:none}.ui-button>svg{vertical-align:middle;flex:none}.ui-button[data-variant=quiet]{background:transparent;border-color:transparent}.ui-button[data-variant=danger]{color:var(--ui-danger);border-color:var(--ui-danger)}.ui-button[data-variant=icon]{width:var(--ui-control-size);height:var(--ui-control-size);padding:0;font-size:var(--ui-text-lg);flex-shrink:0}.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text])>span{margin-right:0}.ui-button:disabled,.ui-select:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:default}.ui-button[data-variant=scene][aria-pressed=true]:disabled{opacity:1}.ui-button:focus-visible,.ui-select:focus-visible,.ui-range:focus-visible,.ui-disclosure>summary:focus-visible,.ui-dialog a:focus-visible,.ui-dialog input:focus-visible{outline:var(--ui-focus-width) solid var(--ui-focus);outline-offset:3px}@supports selector(:has(*)){.ui-range-field:has(>.ui-range:focus-visible){outline:var(--ui-focus-width) solid var(--ui-focus);outline-offset:2px}.ui-range-field>.ui-range:focus-visible{outline:none}}.ui-icon-button{position:relative;overflow:visible}.ui-icon-button:after{content:attr(data-tooltip);display:none;position:absolute;z-index:100;top:calc(100% + 8px);left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);width:max-content;max-width:min(240px,70vw);white-space:normal;background:var(--ui-text);color:var(--ui-surface);padding:8px 10px;border-radius:var(--ui-control-radius);box-shadow:var(--ui-shadow);font:400 var(--ui-text-sm)/1.4 var(--ui-font);pointer-events:none}.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=right]:after{left:calc(100% + 8px);top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=top]:after{top:auto;bottom:calc(100% + 8px)}.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=top][data-tooltip-align=start]:after{left:0;transform:none}.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=top][data-tooltip-align=end]:after{left:auto;right:0;transform:none}@media(min-width:701px){.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=bottom][data-tooltip-align=end]:after{left:auto;right:0;transform:none}.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=bottom][data-tooltip-align=start]:after{left:0;transform:none}}.ui-icon-button:focus-visible:after{display:block}@media(hover:hover){.ui-icon-button:hover:after{display:block}}.ui-input:focus-visible{outline:var(--ui-focus-width) solid var(--ui-focus);outline-offset:3px}.ui-input:is([type=checkbox],[type=radio]){accent-color:var(--ui-accent);width:18px;height:18px;flex:none}.ui-input:not([type=checkbox]):not([type=radio]){cursor:text;font-weight:400}label:has(>.ui-input:is([type=checkbox],[type=radio])){min-height:var(--ui-control-size);align-content:center}.ui-switch{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:var(--ui-control-size);color:var(--ui-text);font:600 var(--ui-text-sm)/1.35 var(--ui-font);cursor:pointer}.ui-switch-control{position:relative;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;width:46px;min-height:var(--ui-control-size);flex:none}.ui-switch-control>input{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0;margin:0;cursor:inherit;z-index:1}.ui-switch-track{display:block;position:relative;width:46px;height:28px;border-radius:20px;background:var(--ui-muted);border:1px solid var(--ui-line);box-sizing:border-box}.ui-switch-track:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:3px;top:3px;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ui-surface);box-shadow:0 1px 3px #0003}.ui-switch-control>input:checked+.ui-switch-track{background:var(--ui-accent);border-color:var(--ui-accent)}.ui-switch-control>input:checked+.ui-switch-track:after{left:21px;background:var(--ui-on-accent)}.ui-switch-control>input:focus-visible+.ui-switch-track{outline:var(--ui-focus-width) solid var(--ui-focus);outline-offset:3px}.ui-switch:has(input:disabled){opacity:.45;cursor:default}.ui-range{min-height:var(--ui-control-size);accent-color:var(--ui-accent);cursor:pointer;max-width:100%}.ui-input::placeholder{color:var(--ui-muted);opacity:1}.ui-disclosure>summary{color:var(--ui-text);cursor:pointer;min-height:var(--ui-control-size);align-content:center}.ui-disclosure>summary{border-radius:var(--ui-control-radius);transition:background-color var(--ui-motion-fast)}.ui-disclosure>summary:focus-visible{background:var(--ui-tint)}@media(hover:hover){.ui-disclosure>summary:hover{background:var(--ui-tint)}}.ui-choice-group{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--ui-space-1);align-items:center}.ui-choice-select{display:none}.ui-choice-group[data-density=dense]>.ui-button{padding-inline:var(--ui-space-2)}.ui-choice-group[data-density=dense]>.ui-button:has(small){padding-block:var(--ui-space-1)}.ui-dialog{box-sizing:border-box;width:720px;margin:auto;padding:var(--ui-space-5);overflow:auto;color:var(--ui-text);background:var(--ui-surface);border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-dialog-radius);box-shadow:0 24px 80px #071a2940;max-width:calc(100vw - 24px);max-height:calc(100dvh - 24px);overscroll-behavior:contain;font:400 var(--ui-text-md)/1.6 var(--ui-font)}.ui-dialog[data-size=compact]{width:560px}.ui-dialog[data-size=wide]{width:860px}.ui-dialog[data-placement=drawer]{width:min(520px,calc(100vw - 12px));margin:0 0 0 auto;height:100dvh;max-height:100dvh;border-radius:var(--ui-dialog-radius) 0 0 var(--ui-dialog-radius)}.ui-dialog[data-size=full]{width:100%;height:100dvh;max-width:none;max-height:none;margin:0;padding:6px 14px 10px;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none}.ui-dialog[data-size=full]>.ui-dialog-header{align-items:center;margin:0 0 4px}.ui-dialog[data-size=full]>.ui-dialog-header h2{margin:0;font-size:22px}:root:has(.ui-dialog[data-size=full][open]){overflow:hidden}.ui-dialog h2{color:var(--ui-text);font:400 26px/1.2 var(--ui-heading-font);margin:0 0 16px;padding:0}.ui-dialog h3{color:var(--ui-text);font-size:18px;line-height:1.35;margin:20px 0 8px}.ui-dialog p{margin:12px 0;line-height:1.6}.ui-dialog small{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}.ui-dialog a:not(.ui-button){color:var(--ui-accent);text-underline-offset:3px}.ui-dialog-header{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;margin:0 0 20px}.ui-dialog .ui-dialog-header h2{flex:1;margin:6px 0 0}.ui-dialog-header-actions{display:flex;flex:none;align-items:center;gap:8px}.ui-dialog-body{min-width:0}.ui-dialog-footer{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px;margin-top:20px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-line) 45%,transparent)}.ui-instruction-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:16px 0;counter-reset:instruction;display:grid;gap:12px}.ui-instruction-list>li{counter-increment:instruction;display:grid;grid-template-columns:32px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;align-items:start}.ui-instruction-list>li:before{content:counter(instruction,decimal-leading-zero);color:var(--ui-accent);padding-top:2px;font-weight:700}.ui-instruction-list strong{display:block;margin-bottom:4px}@media(max-width:600px){.ui-dialog{padding:20px}.ui-dialog h2{font-size:24px}.ui-dialog-header{gap:10px}.ui-dialog-header-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end}.ui-dialog[data-size=full]{padding:4px 8px 8px}.ui-dialog[data-size=full]>.ui-dialog-header h2{font-size:19px;line-height:1.15}}.ui-dialog::backdrop{background:var(--ui-backdrop);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(3px);backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}.ui-dialog:not([open]){display:none}@media(max-width:700px){.ui-choice-compact>.ui-button{display:none}.ui-choice-compact>.ui-choice-select{display:block;max-width:100%}.ui-icon-button:after,.ui-icon-button[data-tooltip-side=right]:after{position:fixed;left:50%;top:auto;bottom:12px;transform:translate(-50%);max-width:calc(100vw - 32px)}}}@layer legacy{.ui-workspace{display:grid;gap:var(--ui-space-4);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(260px,320px)}.ui-workspace[data-composition=immersive]{display:block;position:relative}@media(max-width:760px){.ui-workspace{grid-template-columns:1fr}}}@layer foundations{.ui-lesson-route{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-width:0;padding:6px 10px;color:var(--ui-text);background:var(--ui-surface);border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-panel-radius)}.ui-route-current{flex:1;min-width:0;display:grid;gap:2px;font-size:14px}.ui-route-current small{color:var(--ui-muted);font-size:12px}.ui-route-menu{position:static;flex:none}.ui-route-menu>summary{white-space:nowrap;list-style:none}.ui-route-menu>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.ui-route-destinations{position:absolute;z-index:90;left:0;top:calc(100% + 5px);width:min(480px,100%);max-height:min(65dvh,520px);overflow:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-panel-radius);background:var(--ui-surface);color:var(--ui-text);box-shadow:var(--ui-shadow)}.ui-route-destinations .ui-button{max-width:100%;white-space:normal}.ui-route-destinations h4{margin:12px 0 4px}.ui-route-action{flex:none}@media(max-width:600px){.ui-lesson-route{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;padding:6px}.ui-route-current{flex-basis:45%}.ui-route-action{margin-left:auto}.ui-route-destinations{width:100%}}}@layer foundations{@media(max-width:600px){.ui-lesson-route{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto}.ui-lesson-route>.ui-button,.ui-lesson-route>.ui-route-menu{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}.ui-route-action{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;margin:0}.ui-route-current{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2}.ui-route-current small{font-size:11px;line-height:1.35}}@media(max-width:420px){.ui-lesson-route{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.ui-route-action{grid-column:1;grid-row:3}.ui-route-action>.ui-button{width:100%}}}@layer foundations{[data-ui-surface]{color:var(--ui-text);font-family:var(--ui-font)}[data-ui-surface=study]{background:linear-gradient(90deg,color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-surface) 92%,transparent),color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-surface) 98%,transparent) 12%);font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}[data-ui-surface=card]{background:var(--ui-inset);color:var(--ui-text);border-color:var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-control-radius)}[data-ui-surface=popover],[data-ui-surface=drawer]{background:var(--ui-surface);color:var(--ui-text);border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:var(--ui-panel-radius);box-shadow:var(--ui-shadow);font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}[data-ui-surface=popover]{padding:16px 60px 16px 16px}[data-ui-surface=drawer]{padding:24px;z-index:120}[data-ui-surface=cue]{background:linear-gradient(90deg,color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-surface) 98%,transparent) 0%,color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-surface) 94%,transparent) 80%,transparent);color:var(--ui-text)}[data-ui-surface=bar]{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ui-surface) 97%,transparent);color:var(--ui-text)}[data-ui-surface]:is([data-ui-surface=study],[data-ui-surface=drawer],[data-ui-surface=popover]) :is(h2,h3,h4){color:var(--ui-text);line-height:1.25}[data-ui-surface=study]>h2,[data-ui-surface=drawer]>h2{font:400 26px/1.2 var(--ui-heading-font);margin:0 0 16px}[data-ui-surface] a{color:var(--ui-accent);text-underline-offset:3px}[data-ui-surface=popover]>button{top:8px;right:8px}[data-ui-surface=study]>p{line-height:1.55}@media(max-width:600px){[data-ui-surface=drawer]{padding:20px}}}@layer components{.ui-button:not([data-variant=scene]):not([data-variant=text]):is([aria-pressed=true],[aria-current]:not([aria-current=false]),[data-variant=primary]) :is(small,span,strong){color:inherit}}@layer foundations{[data-ui-surface=drawer]>p,[data-ui-surface=popover]>p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}[data-ui-surface=drawer] small{color:var(--ui-muted);font-size:13px}[data-ui-surface=drawer]>h2{padding-right:48px}[data-ui-surface=drawer] h3{font-size:18px}}@layer components{.scene-first-header .ui-lesson-route{margin:0;padding:0;background:none;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-width:0;flex-wrap:nowrap}.scene-first-header .ui-route-current{flex:1;min-width:0;margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3}.scene-first-header .ui-route-menu{position:relative;flex:none}.scene-first-header .ui-route-menu>summary{white-space:nowrap}.scene-first-header .ui-route-destinations{position:absolute;left:auto;right:0;top:calc(100% + 10px);width:min(620px,calc(100vw - 36px));max-height:calc(100dvh - 180px);overflow:auto;z-index:130}.scene-first-header .ui-route-destinations ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:4px;padding-inline-start:20px}.scene-first-header .ui-step-navigation{width:auto;min-width:0;flex:none;gap:4px;margin:0}.scene-first-header .ui-step-navigation>.ui-button{font-size:13px;min-height:40px;padding:6px 10px;white-space:nowrap;flex:none}.scene-first-header .ui-button{white-space:nowrap;font-size:13px;padding:6px 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.ui-disclosure>summary{font-size:12px;padding:4px;min-height:24px;white-space:nowrap}.lesson-task-deck .task-deck-heading .ui-step-navigation>.ui-button{min-height:38px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]>.ui-button{position:relative;width:var(--ui-control-size);padding:0;border-radius:50%;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]>.ui-button[data-optional]{border-style:dashed}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]>.ui-button[data-state]{background:var(--ui-tint);border-color:var(--ui-accent)}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]>.ui-button[data-state]:before{content:"";position:absolute;left:50%;bottom:8px;width:14px;height:2px;margin-left:-7px;border-radius:1px;background:currentColor}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]>.ui-button:is([data-state=done],[data-state=attention]):after{content:"✓";position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-5px;width:17px;height:17px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ui-success);color:#fff;font:700 10px/1 var(--ui-font);box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--ui-surface)}.ui-step-navigation[data-shape=dots]>.ui-button[data-state=attention]:after{content:"!";background:var(--ui-warning)}@media(max-width:999px){.scene-first-header .ui-lesson-route{flex-wrap:wrap}.scene-first-header .ui-route-current{order:3;flex-basis:100%}.scene-first-header .ui-route-destinations ol{grid-template-columns:1fr}.scene-first .sx-bond-tools{flex-wrap:wrap}}}@layer components{.scene-first .study-legend>.ui-button{flex:1;min-width:0;font-size:12px;min-height:40px;padding:4px;gap:3px;white-space:normal}.scene-first .rx-half-reactions .ui-input{width:42px;min-height:34px;height:34px;font-size:14px}.scene-first .scene-first-menu-body>.ui-button{position:static;inset:auto;max-width:none;width:100%;margin:0}}@layer components{@media(min-width:1000px){.scene-first .ui-dialog.ion-transfer-dialog[open]{height:min(660px,calc(100dvh - 28px));display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto auto minmax(120px,1fr) auto auto auto auto;gap:8px;padding:18px;overflow:auto}.scene-first 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38px}.lesson-theory-picture{position:relative;aspect-ratio:3/2;background:#f1ece0;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden}.lesson-theory-picture>img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:3/2;object-fit:contain}.lesson-theory-image-status{position:absolute;inset:0;display:grid;place-items:center;font:16px/1.5 Lora Textbook,Georgia,serif;color:#526a68}.lesson-theory-picture.is-loaded>.lesson-theory-image-status{display:none}.lesson-theory-image-failure{min-height:180px;padding:24px;display:grid;place-content:center;text-align:center;background:#efe7d9;border-radius:10px}.lesson-theory-image-failure>p{color:#293f42}.lesson-theory-figure>figcaption{margin:0;padding:18px 24px 20px;background:#e8eee2;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;border-left:3px solid #bf9452}.lesson-theory-figure>figcaption>strong{display:block;color:#2e6159;font:600 19px/1.4 Lora Textbook,Georgia,serif;margin-bottom:8px}.lesson-theory-figure>figcaption>span{display:block;color:#3d5554;font:15px/1.8 Lora Textbook,Georgia,serif}.lesson-theory-end{display:grid;gap:18px;justify-items:start;padding:28px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #cdd8c9;margin-top:44px;font-size:17px}.chemistry-learning.is-reading-theory{display:block;height:100dvh;min-height:0;overflow:hidden}.chemistry-learning.is-reading-theory>.lesson-task-deck{display:none}.chemistry-learning.is-reading-theory .chemical-workshop{height:100%;min-height:0;overflow:hidden}.chemistry-learning.is-reading-theory .chemical-workshop>.topbar{display:none}.chemistry-learning .ws-world.is-theory-scene{display:block;height:100dvh;min-height:0;margin:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden;background:#f8f4ea}.chemistry-learning .ws-world.is-theory-scene:before{display:none}.ws-world.is-theory-scene>.lesson-theory-page{position:absolute;inset:var(--workshop-header-clearance,76px) 0 0;height:auto}.ws-world.is-theory-scene>.ws-heading{position:absolute;inset:0 0 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auto;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:-14px calc(-1 * var(--ui-experiment-card-pad)) 0;padding:6px var(--ui-experiment-card-pad) 8px;border-top:1px solid var(--ui-line);background:var(--ui-surface);grid-column:1 / -1;cursor:pointer;touch-action:manipulation}.ui-experiment-card-more>span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;white-space:nowrap;padding:3px 10px 3px 12px;border:1px solid var(--ui-line);border-radius:999px;background:var(--ui-surface);color:var(--ui-muted);font:600 13px/1.2 var(--ui-font)}.ui-experiment-card-more svg{width:16px;height:16px}.ui-experiment-card-steprow{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:6px}.ui-experiment-card-doslot{display:flex;min-height:30px}.ui-experiment-card-do{box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;min-height:30px;padding:0 11px 0 9px;border:1.5px solid var(--cue-fill,#155f5d);border-radius:999px;background:var(--cue-fill,#155f5d);color:var(--cue-ring,#fffaf1);font:700 13px/1.3 var(--ui-font);animation:ui-guide-arrive .45s ease-out}.ui-experiment-card-do[data-kind=watch]{background:transparent;color:var(--ui-text);border-style:dashed;font-weight:600}.ui-experiment-card-do-cue{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;min-width:21px;height:21px;padding:0 4px;border:2px solid var(--cue-ring,#fffaf1);border-radius:50%;background:var(--cue-fill,#155f5d);font:700 13px/1 Arial,sans-serif}.ui-experiment-card-main[data-fresh] .ui-experiment-card-reason{border-radius:3px;animation:ui-guide-fresh 1.8s ease-out}@keyframes ui-guide-fresh{0%,35%{background:var(--ui-guide-mark,#ffe45c8c);box-shadow:0 0 0 5px var(--ui-guide-mark,#ffe45c8c)}to{background:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 5px transparent}}@keyframes ui-guide-arrive{0%{scale:.8;opacity:0}to{scale:1;opacity:1}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ui-experiment-card-do{animation:none}.ui-experiment-card-main[data-fresh] .ui-experiment-card-reason{animation:none;background:var(--ui-guide-mark,#ffe45c8c);box-shadow:0 0 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i{position:absolute;width:28px;height:12px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--tape,#ddd1ac) 78%,transparent);box-shadow:0 1px 1px #0002;pointer-events:none;transform:rotate(-35deg)}.nb-note-photo-print i[data-corner="0"]{top:-3px;left:-7px}.nb-note-photo-print i[data-corner="1"]{top:-3px;right:-7px;transform:rotate(35deg)}.nb-note-photo-print i[data-corner="2"]{bottom:-3px;left:-7px;transform:rotate(35deg)}.nb-note-photo-print i[data-corner="3"]{bottom:-3px;right:-7px}.nb-note-photo-full{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:65dvh;object-fit:contain}}@layer legacy{.nb-margin-photo-preview{display:block;width:100%;height:44px;object-fit:cover;margin-bottom:4px;border-radius:2px}}@layer legacy{.nb-reading-photos{position:absolute;inset:0;pointer-events:none;z-index:3}.nb-reading-photo{position:absolute;pointer-events:auto;min-width:0;padding:4px 8px;box-sizing:border-box}.nb-reading-photo-label{font:500 12px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--pencil)}.nb-reading-photo 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